Microsoft Excel is a proprietary commercial spreadsheet application written and distributed by Microsoft for Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X. It features calculation, graphing tools, pivot tables, and a macro programming language called Visual Basic for Applications. wikipedia.org

Financial modeling is the task of building an abstract representation (a model) of a financial decision making situation.

Business valuation is a process and a set of procedures used to estimate the economic value of an owner's interest in a business. Valuation is used by financial market participants to determine the price they are willing to pay or receive to perfect a sale of a business. wikipedia.org

A derivative instrument is a contract between two parties that specifies conditions (especially the dates, resulting values of the underlying variables, and notional amounts) under which payments, or payoffs, are to be made between the parties. wikipedia.org

Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) are transactions in which the ownership of companies, other business organizations or their operating units are transferred or combined. wikipedia.org

In finance, private equity is a type of equity (finance) and one of the asset classes consisting of equity securities and debt in operating companies that are not publicly traded on a stock exchange. wikipedia.org

"Equity Research is a division within either a buy-side or sell-side firm which is responsible for the research used by the firm and its clients. Despite the name, Equity Research can also include commodities, bonds are more along with equities. The purpose of an equity researcher is to provide insight and detailed analysis into a company, entity or sector and this information is then used by investors to decide how to allocate their funds."

Venture capital (VC) is financial capital provided to early-stage, high-potential, high risk, growth startup companies. wikipedia.org

A portfolio manager is either a person who makes investment decisions using money other people have placed under his or her control or a person who manages a financial institution's asset and liability (loan and deposit) portfolios. wikipedia.org

Real estate appraisal is the process of valuing real property. The value usually sought is the property's Market Value. Appraisals are needed because compared to, say, corporate stock, real estate transactions occur very infrequently. wikipedia.org

Fundraising or fund raising is the process of soliciting and gathering voluntary contributions as money or other resources, by requesting donations from individuals, businesses, charitable foundations, or governmental agencies (see also crowd funding). wikipedia.org

A startup company or startup is a company with a limited operating history. These companies, generally newly created, are in a phase of development and research for markets. wikipedia.org