JavaScript is a prototype-based scripting language that is dynamic, weakly typed and has first-class functions. It is a multi-paradigm language, supporting object-oriented, imperative, and functional programming styles. wikipedia.org

"TypeScript is a free and open source programming language developed and maintained by Microsoft. It is a strict superset of JavaScript, and adds optional static typing and class-based object-oriented programming to the language. Anders Hejlsberg, lead architect of C# and creator of Delphi and Turbo Pascal, has worked on the development of TypeScript." wikipedia.org

GraphQL is a data query language and runtime designed and used at Facebook to request and deliver data to mobile and web apps. wikipedia.org

Git is a distributed revision control system with an emphasis on speed. Git was initially designed and developed by Linus Torvalds for Linux kernel development. wikipedia.org

"Express is a minimal and flexible Node.js Web application framework, providing a robust set of features for building single-page, multipage, and hybrid Web applications"

React is an open-source JavaScript library for creating user interfaces that aims to address challenges encountered in developing single-page applications. wikipedia.org