Hire the Best Ruby Developers & Programmers

Clients rate our Ruby Developers & Programmers
Rating is 4.7 out of 5.
4.7/5
Based on 4,636 client reviews
Sanjeev S.

Kathua, India

$23/hr
4.7
199 jobs

👋 Hello, I’m Sanjeev. With 13+ years of experience, I help startups and established companies build reliable, fast, and user-friendly CRMs, enterprise solutions, and e-commerce platforms. 💻 Front-End Expertise Angular, React, Vue & Ember.js → portals, dashboards, and CRMs ⚙️ Back-End Systems Laravel, Node.js, Ruby on Rails, PHP 🏢 CRM Solutions Workflow automation, Client portals, Custom CRMs 🛒 E-Commerce Solutions Custom builds for WordPress, Shopify, and Magento 🤖 Automation & Integrations Third-party integrations, Chatbots, Reporting systems ✨ Why Clients Choose Me ✅ 165+ successfully completed projects ✅ 13,500+ Upwork hours ✅ 100% Job Success ✅ Top Rated Plus Long-term trust, reliable updates, and transparent communication 💬 What Clients Say “Provided a good solution ahead of schedule.” “One of the best independent contractors I’ve ever dealt with—a superb communicator and coder.” “Knowledgeable Ember.js developer, consistently delivers.” 👉 Please get in touch with me or schedule a meeting to talk about your project if you're searching for a trustworthy developer to realize your ideas. #FullStackDeveloper #Angular #EmberJS #Laravel #NodeJS #RubyOnRails #CRMDevelopment #EcommerceDevelopment #Shopify #Magento #WordPress #AIAssistedDevelopment #WebDevelopment #EnterpriseSolutions #APIIntegration #Automation - Ember.js Developers & Programmers - CRM Developers - E-commerce Developers - Drupal Developers - Adobe Commerce (Magento) Developers - Drupal Developers

  • PHP
  • Laravel
  • Node.js
  • Ember.js
  • Ruby on Rails
  • React
  • AI Development
  • Python
  • Shopify
  • Yii2
  • WooCommerce
  • Page Speed Optimization
Aliaksandr H.

Warsaw, Poland

$20/hr
4.9
86 jobs

Hello. I'm an AI engineer, full-stack iOS/Android/PHP/JavaScript/TypeScript/React/React Native developer and problem solver with more than 17 years of experience iOS/Android/PHP/JavaScript/TypeScript/React/React Native developer and problem solver with more than 17 years of experience. Specializing in MERN and LAMP stacks, artificial intelligence (AI). I embrace modern AI-powered development workflows using tools like 🤖 Claude Code, 🧠 Cursor and 🏄 Windsurf IDEs. What I do: 📱 Mobile apps, 🖥️ Desktop apps, 🌐 Websites, ⚙️ Web services, 👨🏻‍💻 Admin Backends, 🧩 API for them, 🤖 ChatGPT integrations. I embrace modern AI-powered development workflows using tools like 🧠 Cursor IDE and 🤖 Claude Code. Kinds of software I've created: 🛍️ Shopping & online stores, 🏃 Sports, 🎮 Games, 🧘 Medicine & well-being, ✈️ Travel, 💰 Bank systems, 📣 Ad networks, 🛡️ Insurance, 🛬 Landing pages. I have strong skills in the following programming languages: 📜 TypeScript, ☕ JavaScript, 🦅 Swift, 🎯 Objective-C, 🐘 PHP, 🐱 Kotlin, ☕ Java. Frameworks and technologies: 🦕 Deno & Node, ⚛️ React, ⚛️ React Native, 🤖 ChatGPT API, 🔮 Anthropic AI API, 🐻 Zustand, ⚛️ Electron, 🆁 Redux, 🆁 Redux Toolkit, 🐆 Nest js, 🅽 Next js, 🆅 Vue, 🐆 Fastify, 🥤 Fresh, 🅰 Apollo GraphQL Client and Server, 🔌 Relay, 🅼 MobX, 🌳 Koa, 🅴 Express js, 📈 GraphQL, 😎 Swagger, 💨 Tailwind, 🦅 SwiftUI, 🎥 Lottie Files, 🥤 Cocoa Touch, 🥥 Cocos2D, 🅻 Laravel, 🎵 Symfony, 🆈 YII and YII2, 🔥 CodeIgnitor, 🆉 Zend Framework, 📍 CoreLocation, 🎥 CoreAnimation, 🏠 Apple HomeKit, ❤️ Apple HealthKit, 💰 Superwall. Databases: 🍃 Mongo, 🐬 MySQL, 🪶 SQLite, 🍉 Watermelon DB, ⚡️ Supabase, 🔥 Firebase, 🐘 Postgres, 📄 TypeORM, ➡️ Doctrine, ⚪ DynamoDB/PartiQL, 🔴 Oracle, 🅲 CoreData, 🟣 Realm. Cloud Computing: 🐳 Docker, ☸️ Kubernetes, ☸️ Google Kubernetes Engine, 🌊 DigitalOcean Cloud, 🅷 Heroku, 🆁 Render, ☀️ Netlify, 🅰 Microsoft Azure, 🔺 AWS Lambda. I have developed over 20 iOS apps, 15 React Native apps, several Android apps, APIs for some of them, over 20 websites. I'm proficient in problem-solving and have solid track record of success in solving complex problems for teams that have struggled to do so on their own. I like to explore modern technologies, build amazing user interfaces, develop software of any complexity. I always strive to create apps and sites according to the best practices, thoroughly test them and provide the best user experience. It's important to me to write clean and readable source code which is easy to understand and maintain for any other developer.

  • Hybrid App Development
  • Objective-C
  • Swift
  • PHP
  • Java
  • MongoDB
  • React Native
  • Firebase
  • API Integration
  • iOS Development
  • Laravel
  • Database Development
  • Yii
  • UX & UI
A Quang H.

Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam

$20/hr
5.0
36 jobs

I am a professional web developer with over 12 years of experience. My current main framework for web development is Ruby on Rails. I started using this framework in 2013 and eventually fell in love with it. Rails has now become a part of my life. Using Ruby on Rails and other technologies, I can realize innovative ideas and turn them into products that add great value to users. I always look for new challenges and never stop improving myself in order to become an expert in the field of web development. My main areas of expertise: + Ruby on Rails + Ruby gems: Devise, Carrierwave, Paperclip, HAML, Capistrano, Resque, Sidekiq, Mongoid and more + TDD and Unit Testing with Cucumber, Rspec, Cabybara + Front-end technologies: AJAX, CSS3, HTML5, jQuery, ReactJS, React-Redux + Mobile-first responsive design: Bootstrap, Zurb Foundation + Relational and NoSQL databases: MySQL, PostgreSQL, MongoDB, Redis + Payment service integration: Paypal, Stripe, Checkout, Inpendium + Deployment platforms: Heroku, AWS, DigitalOcean, VPS + Amazon Web Services: CloudFront, Elastic Load Balancer, OpsWorks, ElasticCache, ElasticBeanstalk, etc + Social network and third-party integration: Google Maps, Google API, Facebook, Twitter + Multilingual web applications + Git workflow + Management tools: Trello, Pivotal Tracker, Redmine, JIRA.

  • Ruby
  • Ruby on Rails
  • PostgreSQL
  • PostgreSQL Programming
  • API
  • JavaScript
  • RESTful API
  • Amazon Web Services
  • Node.js
  • React
  • jQuery
  • RSpec
  • Heroku
  • Next.js
  • ExpressJS
Zlata B.

Kyiv, Ukraine

$40/hr
5.0
2 jobs

Hi, I’m Zlata. I’m basically a typical American software developer... just living in Ukraine now. And I always work in the EST timezone. I’ll write everything in any tech stack you have 😄 I’m a Software Engineer with 8+ years of experience as a Ruby on Rails developer, React developer, Node.js developer, Python developer, and .NET developer. I work with Ruby on Rails, React, Node.js, Python, .NET, PostgreSQL, Docker, AWS, JavaScript, TypeScript, API development, API integration, and SaaS software development. I help companies build and improve SaaS platforms, ERP systems, CRM tools, dashboards, marketplaces, internal systems, API products, and complex web applications using Ruby on Rails, React, Node.js, Python, and .NET. My focus is clean product logic, stable delivery, scalable architecture, and software that stays easy to maintain as the business grows. 📊 My Achievements in Numbers: 🔶 Ruby on Rails Developer for a Construction Application Platform ▪ Helped build a Ruby on Rails + React platform for managing construction applications, reviews, documents, and stakeholder workflows. ▪ Reduced application review time by 42%. ▪ Supported 18,500+ construction applications processed in the first year. ▪ Helped the product reach $1.4M ARR within 14 months. ▪ Worked with Ruby on Rails, React, PostgreSQL, Docker, AWS, S3, and API integration. 🔶 React Developer for a Construction Materials ERP SaaS ▪ Helped improve a complex ERP SaaS platform for concrete, aggregates, and asphalt producers. ▪ Improved sales, pricing, and operational workflows through better product logic and scalable software architecture. ▪ 98% of demo users became clients after product improvements. ▪ 91% of users rated the interface as clear and intuitive. ▪ The product later raised $3.4M. ▪ Focused on React, Ruby on Rails, SaaS workflows, API development, and complex web application structure. 🔶 Node.js Developer for an Aviation Maintenance SaaS ▪ Helped improve a complex aviation maintenance SaaS product used by field teams. ▪ 96% of demo users became clients after the product improvements. ▪ 97% of field users adopted the product after the first try. ▪ Reduced user errors by 41% and made onboarding 62% faster. ▪ Supported product logic, API integration, dashboards, and connected SaaS workflows using Node.js, React, Ruby on Rails, and API development. 🔶 Python Developer for an AI Healthcare SaaS ▪ Supported an AI-powered healthcare platform that grew from a chatbot into multiple AI agents for clinics and hospitals. ▪ The product raised $20M+. ▪ Helped support workflows that increased patient visits by 31%. ▪ Helped reduce call abandonment by 98%. ▪ Worked with Python, API integration, automation workflows, AI-related product logic, and scalable SaaS architecture. 🔶 .NET Developer for a Utility Billing Platform ▪ Helped improve utility billing workflows for a SaaS platform processing complex customer, billing, and reporting data. ▪ Helped process $14M+ in utility bills within 6 months. ▪ Reduced billing cycle time from 9 days to 1.5 days. ▪ Supported 96% client retention through better product stability and workflow clarity. ▪ Worked with .NET, React, API development, reporting logic, SaaS architecture, and reliable software delivery. Why should you hire me as a Software Engineer? ▪ 8+ years of experience with Ruby on Rails, React, Node.js, Python, .NET, JavaScript, TypeScript, PostgreSQL, API development, API integration, and SaaS software development. ▪ 120+ successful projects delivered across B2B SaaS, ERP, CRM, healthcare, construction, logistics, fintech, aviation, and internal business platforms. ▪ Strong experience with Ruby on Rails, React, Node.js, Python, and .NET for SaaS products, dashboards, admin panels, API-first platforms, integrations, automation, AI features, and enterprise systems. ▪ I use Claude, Cursor, GitHub Copilot, and ChatGPT to speed up research, debugging, refactoring, and delivery. ▪ I work well with founders, CTOs, product managers, and teams that need clear communication across Ruby on Rails, React, Node.js, Python, and .NET products. What I can help you with: ✔️ Build or improve Ruby on Rails SaaS products ✔️ Create React dashboards, portals, admin panels, and SaaS interfaces ✔️ Build Node.js services and API integrations ✔️ Support Python automation, data workflows, and product logic ✔️ Work with .NET systems and connected software platforms ✔️ Build API-first products with Ruby on Rails, React, Node.js, Python, .NET, PostgreSQL, Docker, and AWS ✔️ Improve performance, stability, and maintainability of existing Ruby on Rails, React, Node.js, Python, and .NET applications ✔️ Support SaaS, ERP, CRM, fintech, healthcare, logistics, construction, and internal tools Need help with Ruby on Rails, React, Node.js, Python, .NET, API development, or SaaS development? Message me and let’s discuss your product. 📩🤝

  • Ruby
  • Ruby on Rails
  • JavaScript
  • API
  • PostgreSQL
  • React
  • Node.js
  • Amazon Web Services
  • SaaS
  • TypeScript
  • Web Application
  • Python
  • Git
  • API Integration
  • API Development
  • React Native
  • Web Development
  • Mobile App Development
  • Docker
  • REST API
Alexey Z.

Tel Aviv, Israel

$110/hr
5.0
47 jobs

Hey there, Thanks for stopping by. You look gorgeous today! Let's do some serious development, so here it is: ### Summary CTO/Senior full-stack engineer with 15+ years building and scaling complex Rails applications end-to-end: product planning, rapid delivery, performance tuning, secure architecture, and production ops. I own outcomes - from first sketch to reliable, observable, autoscaled production running in the cloud. At this moment, over 2 years AI experience, not just "do it", but with understanding how it works under the hood. Just created an AI-driven inventory management app: AzinvSpace, take a look in the portfolio. ### Core strengths * A-Z Delivery: turn fuzzy requirements into clean plan, then to tested Rails features, nice and fast code. * Scalability & performance: Tune with PostgreSQL/Redis, background jobs, caching, N+1 eradication, P95/P99 focus * API design: resilient REST/GraphQL, rate-limiting, idempotency, and observability * Security: OWASP mindset, secure auth (Devise/OAuth2/OIDC/JWT), secrets hygiene(plus a bit more security stuff) * DevOps: Dockerized apps, zero-downtime deploys, repeatable infra, clear runbooks & alerts ### Modern stack, just the most used. I tried to narrow it down, feel free to skip this part :D * Backend: Ruby 3.x, Rails 7.x, Hotwire (Turbo/Stimulus), ViewComponent, Sidekiq, ActionCable * Data: PostgreSQL (13–16), Redis, Elastic/OpenSearch (search & logs) * Frontend: React/Next (when appropriate), Tailwind CSS * Testing/Quality: RSpec, Capybara/System tests (Selenium/Chrome or Playwright), FactoryBot, VCR, RuboCop, Brakeman * CI/CD: GitHub Actions (preferred), CircleCI; containers with Docker/Compose; deploys with Kamal (current) and Capistrano (legacy) * Cloud & edge: AWS (RDS, ECS/ECR, S3, CloudFront), Render, DigitalOcean; NGINX/Traefik * Observability: Sentry, Lograge, Prometheus/Grafana, OpenTelemetry (where supported) * Integrations: Stripe, Twilio, SendGrid/SES, OAuth providers (Google, etc.), Webhooks (robust retry/idempotency) Keywords (ATS-friendly) Ruby, Ruby on Rails 7, Hotwire, Turbo, Stimulus, ViewComponent, Sidekiq, Redis, PostgreSQL, RDS, GraphQL, REST, JSON:API, Docker, Docker Compose, Kamal, GitHub Actions, AWS, Render, NGINX, Traefik, Sentry, Prometheus, OpenTelemetry, Tailwind, TypeScript, React, Capybara, Playwright, RSpec, RuboCop, Brakeman, Stripe, Twilio, OAuth2/OIDC, Webhooks

  • Ruby
  • AJAX
  • Ruby on Rails
  • jQuery
  • MySQL
  • Agile Software Development
  • Linux System Administration
  • Project Management
  • Regex Writing
  • Cloud Computing
Ihor Z.

Cherkasy, Ukraine

$42/hr
5.0
11 jobs

🚀 Experienced Ruby on Rails developer 🚀 | 🏎️💛 Yellow Miata driver 💛 If you’re looking for a Ruby on Rails developer who understands SaaS products, a full stack developer Saas who sees the entire system, or a react developer who values real user experience — let’s talk. I’m a Ruby on Rails developer with strong product thinking who helps startups and growing companies build reliable, scalable, and maintainable platforms for long-term success. My background includes building modern web app platforms and scalable web application systems with custom web design, software architecture and design, and scalable API integration practices. As a Ruby on Rails developer, I work closely with founders, CTOs, and product teams to turn business requirements into stable, production-ready solutions. I have extensive experience as an AI Saas developer, focusing not only on backend implementation but also on growth, retention, and monetization. As a web app developer, I design systems around real workflows, combining strong web app design and performance using JavaScript, CSS, HTML5, Bootstrap, and TypeScript. 🧠 Deep product-focused experience With over 9 years of experience, I’ve worked on everything from MVPs to high-traffic systems. I’ve contributed to multiple products as a SaaS developer, including chatbot Saas solutions and platforms powered by ruby on rails openai. My work often involves building scalable web application development systems with strong architecture, RESTAPI, API development, and Database architecture. I’ve also worked on frontend integrations as part of Ruby on Rails React stacks, ensuring smooth UX and consistent web design across products. As a full stack ai saas developer, I bridge frontend, backend, and infrastructure to deliver complete solutions, including saas mobile app integrations where needed using React Native, Next.js, Vue.js, Angular, and Node.js. ⚙️ What I do Ruby on Rails application development from MVP to scale SaaS platform architecture and system design Custom backend logic and API development (REST & GraphQL) Background jobs, queues, and async processing Cloud deployments, CI/CD pipelines, and automation Third-party integrations and advanced workflows Beyond traditional SaaS platforms, I’ve worked on ecommerce systems and custom solutions as a web developer, including Shopify integrations. I’ve also built AI-powered features as part of AI Saas platforms, acting as a full stack saas developer ai agents to deliver intelligent automation, AI Agent Development, Large Language Model integrations, Retrieval Augmented Generation, Vector Database, machine learning, and LLM Prompt Engineering. I also collaborate with teams as a saas designer, contributing to product structure and usability, and can support product presentation through saas demo video creation when needed. ✅ What you get working with me Clean, well-structured code and scalable architecture. As a SaaS developer, I focus on long-term product success. As a web application developer, I deliver solutions aligned with real business needs and support developing and maintaining the application and optimizing performance within an existing Ruby on Rails project. 🔹 Proven real-world impact I helped scale a startup product to nearly 1,000,000 users, shaping my approach to performance and reliability. I’ve also worked on systems requiring high data integrity and integrations across multiple services using PostgreSQL, Redis, MySQL, SQL, Firebase, Heroku, Amazon web services, and DevOps practices. 🏆 9+ years as a Ruby on Rails Developer with 150+ software products delivered 🚀 SaaS Developer | 26+ platforms built & scaled 💻 As a Web Application Developer I helped scale a startup product to nearly 1,000,000 users, shaping my approach to performance and reliability. ⭐️ Top Rated | 100% Job success score | 5-star reviews only 💰 $10K+ earned on Upwork and 5,000+ hours worked on different projects as a Full stack developer 🤖 15+ AI Products Delivered | Agents, RAG & Automation Systems 🔗 110+ Integrations built | Stripe, Shopify, OpenAI, Twilio & more as a React developer 🌍 Clients across 9+ countries | Long-Term Partnerships & Repeat Business 🔒 Production-Ready Solutions | Secure, Scalable & Maintainable Code Experienced as a Rails + React Developer, Ruby on Rails architect, Senior Ruby on Rails Developer, senior Rails Developer, Ruby on Rails engineer, Full-stack web developer, and senior full-stack Ruby on Rails engineer with a strong background in Ruby on Rails. 🤝 Let’s build something solid If you’re looking for a Ruby on Rails developer who understands SaaS products, a full stack developer who sees the entire system, or a react developer who values real user experience - let’s talk.

  • Ruby
  • Ruby on Rails
  • JavaScript
  • React
  • PostgreSQL
  • Node.js
  • CSS
  • Web Development
  • jQuery
  • HTML5
  • MySQL
  • Vue.js
  • Python
  • React Native
  • Bootstrap
  • Git
  • SQL
  • Web Design
  • Angular
  • Agile Software Development

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How to Hire Top Ruby Developers

How to hire Ruby developers

From websites and domain-specific languages (DSLs) to desktop applications and IoT devices, a Ruby developer has the back-end programming expertise to bring your software projects to life.

So how do you hire Ruby developers? What follows are some tips for finding top Ruby development consultants on Upwork.

How to shortlist Ruby development professionals

As you’re browsing available Ruby development consultants, it can be helpful to develop a shortlist of the professionals you may want to interview. You can screen profiles on criteria such as:

  • Technology fit. Whether it’s mruby for IoT or Ruby on Rails for web development, you want a Ruby developer who is familiar with the type of software you’re trying to build.
  • Test-driven development (TDD). The best way to avoid pitfalls on launch day is to test frequently during development and gain feedback from end users.
  • Feedback. Check reviews from past clients for glowing testimonials or red flags that can tell you what it’s like to work with a particular Ruby developer.

How to write an effective Ruby development job post

With a clear picture of your ideal Ruby developer in mind, it’s time to write that job post. Although you don’t need a full job description as you would when hiring an employee, aim to provide enough detail for a contractor to know if they’re the right fit for the project.

Job post title

Create a simple title that describes exactly what you’re looking for. The idea is to target the keywords that your ideal candidate is likely to type into a job search bar to find your project. Here are some sample Ruby job post titles:

  • Back-end developer needed with Ruby on Rails experience
  • Full-stack Ruby on Rails developer needed.
  • Ruby programmer needed to build a domain-specific language (DSL)

Ruby project description

An effective Ruby job post should include:

  • Scope of work: From MVPs (minimum viable products) to full-featured SPAs (single-page applications), list all the deliverables you’ll need.
  • Project length: Your job post should indicate whether this is a smaller or larger project.
  • Background: If you prefer experience with certain industries, software, or developer tools, mention this here.
  • Budget: Set a budget and note your preference for hourly rates vs. fixed-price contracts.

Ruby developer job responsibilities

Here are some examples of Ruby developer job responsibilities:

  • Translate technical requirements and UI/UX designs into code
  • Integrate UI to a Ruby on Rails back end
  • Handle database design and business logic layer of an application
  • Build, test, deploy, and maintain a Ruby-powered application

Ruby developer requirements and qualifications

Be sure to include any requirements and qualifications you’re looking for in a Ruby developer. Here are some examples:

  • Ruby programming language
  • mruby for embedded systems such as IoT devices
  • Ruby on Rails for back-end web development
  • RESTful services, APIs, and third-party library integrations
  • Experience running unit tests
  • Version control systems such as GitHub
>

Ruby Developers FAQ

Frequently asked questions

What is Ruby?

Ruby, along with its framework, Ruby on Rails (“Rails”), is an incredibly efficient, high-level back-end programming language—a big draw for start-ups and small development teams that need to get complex, heavy-traffic applications up and running in a short time. Rails lightens the workload for developers with a library of “gems”—prepackaged code that streamlines development in a big way.

But what really sets Ruby apart—especially when stacked up against its biggest competitor, Python–is “programmer happiness.” Ruby is attracting lots of developers who prefer its elegant “do more with less” philosophy—and these developers are in demand.

How much does it cost to hire a Ruby developer?

The first step to determining the cost to hire a Ruby developer will be to define your needs. Rates can vary due to many factors, including expertise and experience, location, and market conditions. Learn about the cost to hire Ruby developers.

Common Ruby developer mistakes

Overusing method_missing: Nobody likes repetitive code, and metaprogramming with method_missing is one of those guilty pleasure catchalls we like to throw into our code to avoid errors at runtime and just make it work.

Need to allow one class to quickly use the methods available in another class?

Use method_missing.

Have numerous methods but don’t want to name them all explicitly?

Use method_missing.

Need to build lots of methods that are virtually identical except for a few slight differences?

Use method_missing.

There’s just one problem with method_missing: It’s slow. Every time you call method_missing, the Ruby runtime must climb up your class chain hierarchy to find the method that actually does the heavy lifting that allows your code to work. Most benchmark tests show that method_missing is significantly slower at runtime than if you were to use plain old Ruby methods. A faster metaprogramming tool for the example cases above is define_method, which allows you to dynamically define methods that load when your classes are loaded.

So when should method_missing be used? When you’re dealing with dynamically named methods based on a pattern and you can’t reasonably expect to be able to predict all the possible method name combinations. Ruby’s own Active Record dynamic finders are probably the best example of this. For example, if you wanted to find a user by email from a large data set of users, and your user has an email attribute, you could use User.find_by_email(‘john.doe@example.com’) even though you never explicitly defined that method under the User or ActiveRecord::Base classes.

Relying too heavily on gems: Every new Rails developer reaches a certain point in their careers where they fall prey to the siren song of the RubyGems repository. And how can you resist? Ruby’s extensive catalog of gems is supported by a vibrant open-source community. Need help with authentication? Try Devise. What about authorization? CanCanCan’s got you covered. If there’s a task that you need help with, chances are good that there’s a gem for that.

Unfortunately, as with all other things in life, it’s possible to have too much of a good thing. As powerful as gems are, there comes a point where you’ll begin to notice a trade-off between programmer productivity and performance with every new gem. Too many gems can slow down performance, drain resources, and make tests take longer.

A bloated Gemfile can become a nesting ground for future application-breaking bugs. Higher-quality gems try to minimize dependencies as much as possible, but if you aren’t careful you could find yourself managing hundreds of gems. At that point, whatever productivity you gained from having to write less code is eaten up in managing dependencies, chasing hidden bugs, and keeping your application up-to-date.

What’s the solution? Moderation. Before you download a gem, ask yourself whether you can justify its use of resources and whether you need all the functionality that it has to offer. Being selective about your gems can help keep your application lean.

Application logic seeps into the view: Ruby on Rails follows the MVC (model-view-controller) pattern, where the model is responsible for data, the view is the visual representation of that data, and the controller forms the bridge between the two. The goal of this pattern is to decouple the major roles of an application in order to promote efficient code reuse and allow parallel development. Realizing that goal becomes difficult when you start to deviate from those roles.

Views should be concerned only with visual representation. However, it can be tempting to sneak application logic into your ERB templates like so:

<h2>
Congratulations
<% if winning_player %>
<%= winning_player.name %>
<% else %>
Contestant
<% end %>
</h2>

Not only can the inefficiency of placing application logic into individual views lead to repeating code, but managing a large jumble of Ruby and HTML code can make maintenance more difficult as your application scales. It is far better to encapsulate that logic into a reusable helper function, presenter, or decorator.

Taking “fat model skinny controller” too far: Controllers do a lot of things, from session handling to rendering and redirecting—but it basically boils down to a middleman between the model and the view, receiving requests and providing the appropriate output. By default, the controller already has a lot on its plate. To prevent the temptation of stuffing model or view logic in the controller, the “fat model skinny controller” principle was born. Problem solved, right?

Not really. Now the problem of bloat has just been moved to the model. Every model should correspond to a data table in the database. The model’s corresponding data table should be its single responsibility. In a bid to keep views and controllers lean, it can be tempting to toss anything that doesn’t quite fit into the MVC paradigm into the model. It turns out that many of the maintenance issues that plague bloated views and controllers also extend to the model. The solution is to use POROs (plain old Ruby objects) to encapsulate things that don’t quite fit in any of the MVC categories.

Leaving your code vulnerable to SQL injection: It’s one of the oldest tricks in the hacker playbook—SQL injection, which involves taking advantage of user input fields to gain direct access to a SQL database. In Rails, this vulnerability is found where user input is required (for instance, typing in a search field) to query data from a database. The traditional approach to handling a query for a username would look something like this:

user.find_by(name: params [:name])

This approach is vulnerable to SQL injection. Fortunately, in Rails we have Active Record dynamic attribute-based finders, which work as parameterized queries that can properly handle the passed argument, avoiding SQL injection.

user.find_by_name(name)

Besides using dynamic finders, it helps to only accept and construct values from external inputs such as search queries and forms. Never construct SQL commands like INSERT and DELETE, and don’t send untrusted inputs to methods in the Active Record library that accept raw SQL queries, table names, or columns.

Tips and best practices

Take advantage of the Ruby developer community

Ruby may not be the most popular back-end scripting language, but those who use it love it. Ruby was created with programmer happiness in mind, something that is readily apparent when you look at Ruby’s huge library of gems—ready-to-use solutions for common software development problems. If you need to rapidly prototype a project, you can virtually assemble an app from gems and boilerplate code in a snap.

Use symbols instead of strings in hashes

Ruby has a special data type called a symbol for storing the name of a variable that does not have to be changed. Symbols are prefixed with a colon denoted like so, :symbol. Unlike strings, which are mutable, symbols are immutable and take up only one spot in memory.

Immutability is perfect for hashes because you don’t want your hash keys to change. Hashes are similar to arrays, except they can use any object as an index.

shopping_list = { :cinnamon => 1, :butter=> 2, :soda => 6}

Symbols are also more space efficient than strings, as setting multiple variables equal to the same symbol will access the same spot in memory.

Test your code often

Test-driven development famously takes a test-first and code-later approach to software development that looks something like this:

  • Red: write a test for a software feature that fails
  • Green: write the minimum code needed to pass the test
  • Refactor: rewrite your passing code to best practices

Unless you already practice TDD, it may seem difficult to see regular software testing as anything more than a necessary evil to catch as many bugs as you can before you push to production.

Thankfully, Ruby tries to make TDD easier by giving you everything you need to practice it within its standard library: minitest/unit and test/unit. Between these two testing frameworks you should be able to get into the habit of writing safer code by regularly creating unit tests. Once you get comfortable writing unit tests, practicing TDD in its entirety isn’t so daunting.