Python is a general-purpose, high-level programming language whose design philosophy emphasizes code readability. Python claims to combine "remarkable power with very clear syntax", and its standard library is large and comprehensive. wikipedia.org

Pandas is an open source, BSD-licensed library providing high-performance, easy-to-use data structures and data analysis tools for the Python programming language. wikipedia.org

Git is a distributed revision control system with an emphasis on speed. Git was initially designed and developed by Linus Torvalds for Linux kernel development. wikipedia.org

A geographic information system is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of geographically referenced data. wikipedia.org

Machine learning, a branch of artificial intelligence, is a scientific discipline concerned with the design and development of algorithms that allow computers to evolve behaviors based on empirical data, such as from sensor data or databases.

A deep neural network (DNN) is an artificial neural network (ANN) with multiple hidden layers of units between the input and output layers. wikipedia.org

A primary goal of data visualization is to communicate information clearly and efficiently to users via the information graphics selected, such as tables and charts. Effective visualization helps users in analyzing and reasoning about data and evidence. wikipedia.org

Analysis of data is a process of inspecting, cleaning, transforming, and modeling data with the goal of highlighting useful information, suggesting conclusions, and supporting decision making. wikipedia.org

Geospatial analysis is an approach to applying statistical analysis and other informational techniques to data which has a geographical or geospatial aspect. wikipedia.org

Digital mapping (also called digital cartography) is the process by which a collection of data is compiled and formatted into a virtual image. wikipedia.org

ArcGIS is a suite consisting of a group of geographic information system (GIS) software products produced by Esri. wikipedia.org

QGIS is a cross-platform free and open-source desktop geographic information systems (GIS) application that provides data viewing, editing, and analysis capabilities.

Data scraping is a technique in which a computer program extracts data from human-readable output coming from another program. wikipedia.org