Keyword research is a practice used by search engine optimization professionals to find and research actual search terms people enter into the search engines when conducting a search. wikipedia.org

Search engine marketing, (SEM), is a form of Internet marketing that seeks to promote websites by increasing their visibility in search engine result pages (SERPs) through the use of paid placement, contextual advertising, and paid inclusion. wikipedia.org

Pay per click (PPC) (also called cost per click) is an Internet advertising model used to direct traffic to websites, where advertisers pay the publisher (typically a website owner) when the ad is clicked. wikipedia.org